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- The Linux Tips HOWTO
- Vince Reed, reedv@rpi.edu
- v0.1, 30 August 1994
-
- This document describes time-saving ideas and procedures intended to
- make linux easier to configure and use. Items found here are too gen-
- eral to be included in one of the other howtos.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- Welcome to the Linux Tips HOWTO, a place to find swift answers to
- questions not covered in the more specific linux howtos. In the tips
- howto, you'll also find neat little tricks that make managing and
- using Linux systems easier. However, as this is only the second
- release of the tips howto, the number of tips mentioned is still
- rather small. The next issue needn't be this way though... Please send
- me your ideas to be included in future howtos. Thanks in advance!
-
- Vince Reed Maintainer--Linux TIPS HOWTO
-
- reedv@rpi.edu
-
- 2. Short Tips
-
- 2.1. Moving directories between filesystems. Alan Cox,
- A.Cox@swansea.ac.uk
-
- Quick way to move an entire tree of files from one disk to another
-
-
- (cd /source/directory; tar cf - . ) | (cd /dest/directory; tar xvfp -)
-
-
-
-
-
- 2.2. Ted Stern, stern@amath.washington.edu Pointer to patch for GNU
- Make 3.70 to change VPATH behavior.
-
- I don't know if many people have this problem, but there is a
- "feature" of GNU make version 3.70 that I don't like. It is that VPATH
- acts funny if you give it an absolute pathname. There is an extremely
- solid patch that fixes this, which you can get from Paul D. Smith
- <psmith@wellfleet.com>. He also posts the documentation and patch
- after every revision of GNU make on the newsgroup system I have access
- to.
-
-
- 2.3. How do I stop my system from fscking on each reboot? Dale Lutz,
- dal@wimsey.com
-
- Q: How do I stop e2fsck from checking my disk every time I boot up.
-
- A: When you rebuild the kernel, the filesystem is marked as 'dirty'
- and so your disk will be checked with each boot. The fix is to run:
-
- rdev -R /zImage 1
-
- This fixes the kernel so that it is no longer convinced that the
- filesystem is dirty.
-
- Note: If using lilo, then add read-only to your linux setup in your
- lilo config file (Usually /etc/lilo.conf)
-
-
-
- 2.4. How to avoid fscks caused by "device busy" at reboot time. Jon
- Tombs, jon@gtex02.us.es
-
- If you often get device busy errors on shutdown that leave the
- filesystem in need of an fsck upon reboot, here is a simple fix:
-
- To /etc/brc or /sbin/brc, add the line
-
-
- mount -o remount,ro /mount.dir
-
-
-
-
- for all your mounted filesystems except /, before the call to umount
- -a. This means if, for some reason, shutdown fails to kill all pro-
- cesses and umount the disks they will still be clean on reboot. Saves
- a lot of time at reboot for me
-
-
-
-
- 2.5. How to print pages with a margin for hole punching. Mike Dickey,
- mdickey@thorplus.lib.purdue.edu
-
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- #!/bin/sh
- # /usr/local/bin/print
- # a simple formatted printout, to enable someone to
- # 3-hole punch the output and put it in a binder
-
- cat $1 | pr -t -o 5 -w 85 | lpr
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
-
-
- 2.6. Raul Deluth Miller, rockwell@nova.umd.edu A way to search
- through trees of files for a particular regular expression.
-
- I call this script 'forall'. Use it like this:
-
-
- forall /usr/include grep -i ioctl
- forall /usr/man grep ioctl
-
-
-
-
- Here's forall:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- #!/bin/sh
- if [ 1 = `expr 2 \> $#` ]
- then
- echo Usage: $0 dir cmd [optargs]
- exit 1
- fi
- dir=$1
- shift
- find $dir -type f -print | xargs "$@"
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
-
-
- 2.7. Barry Tolnas, tolnas@nestor.engr.utk.edu A script for cleaning
- up after programs that creat autosave and backup files.
-
- Here is a simple two-liner which recursively descends a directory
- hierarchy removing emacs auto-save ( ) and backup (#) files, .o files,
- and TeX .log files. It also compresses .tex files and README files. I
- call it 'squeeze' on my system.
-
-
- ______________________________________________________________________
- #!/bin/sh
- #SQUEEZE removes unnecessary files and compresses .tex and README files
- #By Barry tolnas, tolnas@sun1.engr.utk.edu
- #
- echo squeezing $PWD
- find $PWD \( -name \*~ -or -name \*.o -or -name \*.log -or -name \*\#\) -exec
- rm -f {} \;
- find $PWD \( -name \*.tex -or -name \*README\* -or -name \*readme\* \) -exec gzip -9 {} \;
- ______________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
-
-
- 3. Detailed Tips
-
- 3.1. Sharing swap partitions between Linux and Windows. Tony Acero,
- ace3@midway.uchicago.edu
-
-
- 1. Format the partition as a dos partition, and create the Windows
- swap file on it, but don't run windows yet. (You want to keep the
- swap file completely empty for now, so that it compresses well).
-
- 2. Boot linux and save the partition into a file. For example if the
- partition was /dev/hda8:
-
-
- dd if=/dev/hda8 of=/etc/dosswap
-
-
-
-
- 3. Compress the dosswap file; since it is virtually all 0's it will
- compress very well
-
-
- gzip -9 /etc/dosswap
-
-
- 4. Add the following to the /etc/rc file to prepare and install the
- swap space under Linux:
-
- XXXXX is the number of blocks in the swap partition
-
-
- mkswap /dev/hda8 XXXXX
- swapon -av
-
-
-
-
- Make sure you add an entry for the swap partition in your /etc/fstab
- file
-
- 5. If your init/reboot package supports /etc/brc or /sbin/brc add the
- following to /etc/brc, else do this by hand when you want to boot
- to dos|os/2 and you want to convert the swap partition back to the
- dos/windows version:
-
-
-
- swapoff -av
- zcat /etc/dosswap.gz | dd of=/dev/hda8 bs=1k count=100
-
-
-
-
- # Note that this only writes the first 100 blocks back to the parti-
- tion. I've found empirically that this is sufficient
-
- >> What are the pros and cons of doing this?
-
- Pros: you save a substantial amount of disk space.
-
- Cons: if step 5 is not automatic, you have to remember to do it by
- hand, and it slows the reboot process by a nanosecond :-)
-
-
-
- 3.2. How to configure xdm's chooser for host selection. Arrigo Tri-
- ulzi, a.triulzi@ic.ac.uk
-
-
- 1. Edit the file that launches xdm most likely /etc/rc/rc.6 or
- /etc/rc.local) so that it contains the following lines in the xdm
- startup section.
-
-
-
- /usr/bin/X11/xdm
- exec /usr/bin/X11/X -indirect hostname
-
-
-
-
- 2. Edit /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers and comment out the line which
- starts the server on the local machine i.e. starting 0:
-
- 3. Reboot the machine and you're home and away.
-
- I add this because when I was, desperately, trying to set it up for my
- own subnet over here it took me about a week to suss out all the
- problems.
-
-
- Caveat: with old SLS (1.1.1) for some reason you can leave a -nodaemon
- after the xdm line -- this does NOT work for later releases.
-